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Mathew, A. C.
- Coconut Inflorescence Sap and its Value Addition as Sugar - Collection Techniques, Yield, Properties and Market Perspective
Abstract Views :537 |
PDF Views:217
Authors
K. B. Hebbar
1,
M. Arivalagan
1,
M. R. Manikantan
1,
A. C. Mathew
1,
C. Thamban
1,
George V. Thomas
1,
P. Chowdappa
1
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, 671 124, IN
1 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, 671 124, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 109, No 8 (2015), Pagination: 1411-1417Abstract
Fresh coconut sap (neera), if kept at room temperature for a couple of hours, undergoes fermentation. Fresh sap is golden in colour, with pH > 7 and has no foul odour. The traditional way of tapping, i.e. collecting the sap in a mud pot kept at the top of the palm under atmospheric temperature for 8-12 h, ferments the sap before collection itself. The colour turns whitish, pH drops to below 6 and odour of toddy (fermented smell) slowly develops. Hence the only way to avoid fermentation of sap is either keeping collection boxes at low temperature or to collect the sap every hour and store chilled. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute has developed 'coco-sap chiller' with ice cubes inside, which maintains the temperature at 2-3°C for 10-12 h, and also keeps the sap fresh and unfermented. The sap collected is sweet, non-alcoholic and also free from contaminants like ants, other insects, pollen, dust, etc. The fresh, hygienic and unfermented sap is called Kalparasa. It can be sold as a ready-to-serve health drink under refrigerated condition or can be processed into value-added natural products like sugar, jaggery, honey, syrup, etc. without the addition of chemicals.Keywords
Coconut Sap, Health Drink, Market Prospects, Sugar Content, Tapping.Full Text
References
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- Sodah Ayernor, G. K. and Matthews, J. S., The sap of the palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq. as raw material for alcoholic fermentation in Ghana. Trop. Sci., 1971, XIII(1), 71–83.
- Van Die, J., The developing fruits of Cocos nucifera and Phoenix dactylifera as physiological sinks importing and assimilating the mobile aqueous phase of the sieve tube system. Acta Bot. Neerl., 1974, 23(4), 521–540.
- Kalparasa – non alcoholic unfermented health drink from coconut spadix. Trade Mark Journal, 2014, Application no. 2813919.
- Grimwood, B. E., Coconut palm products, their processing in developing countries. FAO Agricultural Development Paper No. 99, FAO, Rome, 1975, pp. 189–192.
- Hebbar, K. B., A simple device to collect fresh and hygienic neera (inflorescence sap) from coconut tree. Patent filed. Patent Office Journal 28 June 2013, pp. 16178.
- Hebbar, K. B., Mathew, A. C., Arivalagan, M., Samsudeen, K. and Thomas, G. V., Value added products from neera. Indian Coconut J., 2013, 28.
- Augustine, J. and Hebbar, K. B., Coco sap chiller: a new device for the collection of fresh, hygienic and unfermented kalparasa (neera). Patent filed. 5 September 2014, p. 972.
- Hebbar, K. B., Arivalagan, M., Manikantan, M. R., Mathew, A. C. and Chowdappa, P., Kalparasa collection and value addition. In Technical Bulletin No. 92, ICAR-CPCRI, Kasaragod, Kerala, 2015.
- Borin, K. and Preston, T. R., Conserving biodiversity and the environment and improving the wellbeing of poor farmers in Cambodia by promoting pig feeding systems using the juice of the sugar palm tree (Borassus flabellifer). Livestock Res. Rural Dev., 1995, 7(2); http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd7/2/5.htm
- Hamilton, L. S. and Murphy, D. H., Use and management of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans, Arecaceae): a review. Econ Bot., 1988, 42(2), 206–213.
- Samsudeen, K., Niral, V., Jerald, B. A., Kumar, M., Sugatha, P. and Hebbar, K. B., Influence of variety and season in the inflorescence sap production in Cocos nucifera L. J. Plantation Crops, 2013, 41(1), 57–61.
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- Water Quality Assessment of Various forms of Rainwater and Statistical Studies on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Stormwater in Coimbatore, India
Abstract Views :184 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Barapani-793 103, Meghalaya, IN
2 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod-671 124, Kerala, IN
1 ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Barapani-793 103, Meghalaya, IN
2 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod-671 124, Kerala, IN
Source
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Vol 11, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 23-28Abstract
Rain water harvesting, irrespective of the technology used, essentially means harvesting and storing water in days of abundance, for use in lean days. It has been construed as the most sustainable method for managing water scarcity situations, incorporating all type of water demands. Though rainwater is considered as a contamination free source, human activities particularly in the industrial and agricultural sectors pollute this pure form of water. The quality of various forms of rainwater, viz. direct rainfall, rooftop water and stormwater were assessed by analysing various physico-chemical parameters. The physico-chemical characteristics of stormwater were further subjected to statistical and correlation analyses. The results showed that the direct rainwater samples collected were pure and safe as drinking water. The surface stormwater runoff samples collected from the study location, which is mainly an urban and industrialised catchment, contained undesirable amount of sediment load and other chemical parameters; most of them are not within safe limits for drinking and irrigation use. The electrical conductivity and sediment concentration in samples collected from roofs were slightly above the desirable limit for drinking purpose. The mean, standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) of various physico-chemical parameters of stormwater were computed and compared. Similarly correlation coefficients were worked out to find out the relationship amongst physico-chemical characteristics of the water samples and a large number of significant correlations were obtained.Keywords
Rainwater Harvesting, Water Quality Assessment, Roofwater, Stormwater.Full Text
- Artificial Intelligence in Plantation Crops
Abstract Views :281 |
PDF Views:78
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICARCentral Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671 124, IN
1 ICARCentral Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671 124, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 6 (2019), Pagination: 914-915Abstract
Agriculture plays a vital role in India’s economy with over 58% of the rural households dependent on it as their principal means of livelihood. The Indian agriculture sector, currently facing challenges of climate change, population growth and food security concerns, is progressively looking towards means to leverage innovative technologies which can substantially enhance crop productivity. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is steadily emerging as a part of the technological evolution of this sector. Plantation crops are grown in India over an area of 3.7 million hectares and provide livelihood security to around 30 million people, besides contributing Rs 250 billion to the gross domestic product (GDP). To explore the gamut of applications of AI in agriculture, with special reference to plantation crops, a two-day workshop was held last year.Full Text